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Processes » The Contentious Trial » The Ordinary Contentious Trial » Proofs » Proof through documents
Canon 1539. In every type of trial documentary proof is admitted, whether the documents be public or private.
In quolibet iudicii genere admittitur probatio per documenta tum publica tum privata.
Processes » The Contentious Trial » The Ordinary Contentious Trial » Proofs » Proof through documents » The nature and trustworthiness of documentsIn quolibet iudicii genere admittitur probatio per documenta tum publica tum privata.
Canon 1540. §1 Public ecclesiastical documents are those which an official person draws up in the exercise of his or her function in the Church and in which the formalities required by law have been observed.
§2 Public civil documents are those which are legally regarded as such in accordance with the laws of each place.
§3 All other documents are private.
§1. Documenta publica ecclesiastica ea sunt, quae persona publica in exercitio sui muneris in Ecclesia confecit, servatis sollemnitatibus iure praescriptis.
§2. Documenta publica civilia ea sunt, quae secundum uniuscuiusque loci leges talia iure censentur.
§3. Cetera documenta sunt privata.
§2 Public civil documents are those which are legally regarded as such in accordance with the laws of each place.
§3 All other documents are private.
§1. Documenta publica ecclesiastica ea sunt, quae persona publica in exercitio sui muneris in Ecclesia confecit, servatis sollemnitatibus iure praescriptis.
§2. Documenta publica civilia ea sunt, quae secundum uniuscuiusque loci leges talia iure censentur.
§3. Cetera documenta sunt privata.
Canon 1541. Unless it is otherwise established by contrary and clear arguments, public documents constitute acceptable evidence of those matters which are directly and principally affirmed in them.
Nisi contrariis et evidentibus argumentis aliud evincatur, documenta publica fidem faciunt de omnibus quae directe et principaliter in iis affirmantur.
Nisi contrariis et evidentibus argumentis aliud evincatur, documenta publica fidem faciunt de omnibus quae directe et principaliter in iis affirmantur.
Canon 1542. A private document, whether acknowledged by a party or admitted by a judge, has the same probative force as an extra-judicial confession, against its author or the person who has signed it and against persons whose case rests on that of the author or signatory. Against others it has the same force as have declarations by the parties which are not confessions, in accordance with can. 1536 §2.
Documentum privatum, sive agnitum a parte sive recognitum a iudice, eandem probandi vim habet adversus auctorem vel subscriptorem et causam ab iis habentes, ac confessio extra iudicium facta; adversus extraneos eandem vim habet ac partium declarationes quae non sint confessiones, ad normam can. 1536, §2.
Documentum privatum, sive agnitum a parte sive recognitum a iudice, eandem probandi vim habet adversus auctorem vel subscriptorem et causam ab iis habentes, ac confessio extra iudicium facta; adversus extraneos eandem vim habet ac partium declarationes quae non sint confessiones, ad normam can. 1536, §2.
Canon 1543. If documents are shown to have been erased, amended, falsified or otherwise tampered with, it is for the judge to evaluate to what extent, if any, they are to be given credence.
Si abrasa, correcta, interpolata aliove vitio documenta infecta demonstrentur, iudicis est aestimare an et quanti huiusmodi documenta sint facienda.
Processes » The Contentious Trial » The Ordinary Contentious Trial » Proofs » Proof through documents » The presentation of documentsSi abrasa, correcta, interpolata aliove vitio documenta infecta demonstrentur, iudicis est aestimare an et quanti huiusmodi documenta sint facienda.
Canon 1544. Documents do not have probative force at a trial unless they are submitted in original form or in authentic copy and are lodged in the office of the tribunal, so that they may be inspected by the judge and by the opposing party.
Documenta vim probandi in iudicio non habent, nisi originalia sint aut in exemplari authentico exhibita et penes tribunalis cancellariam deposita, ut a iudice et ab adversario examinari possint.
Documenta vim probandi in iudicio non habent, nisi originalia sint aut in exemplari authentico exhibita et penes tribunalis cancellariam deposita, ut a iudice et ab adversario examinari possint.
Canon 1545. The judge can direct that a document common to each of the parties is to be submitted in the process.
Iudex praecipere potest ut documentum utrique parti commune exhibeatur in processu.
Iudex praecipere potest ut documentum utrique parti commune exhibeatur in processu.
Canon 1546. §1 No one is obliged to exhibit documents, even if they are common, which cannot be communicated without danger of the harm mentioned in can. 1548
§2, n. 2, or without the danger of violating a secret which is to be observed.
§2 If, however, at least an extract from a document can be transcribed and submitted in copy without the disadvantages mentioned, the judge can direct that it be produced in that form.
§1. Nemo exhibere tenetur documenta, etsi communia, quae communicari nequeunt sine periculo damni ad normam can. 1548, §2, n. 2 aut sine periculo violationis secreti servandi.
§2. Attamen si qua saltem documenti particula describi possit et in exemplari exhiberi sine memoratis incommodis, iudex decernere potest ut eadem producatur.
§2, n. 2, or without the danger of violating a secret which is to be observed.
§2 If, however, at least an extract from a document can be transcribed and submitted in copy without the disadvantages mentioned, the judge can direct that it be produced in that form.
§1. Nemo exhibere tenetur documenta, etsi communia, quae communicari nequeunt sine periculo damni ad normam can. 1548, §2, n. 2 aut sine periculo violationis secreti servandi.
§2. Attamen si qua saltem documenti particula describi possit et in exemplari exhiberi sine memoratis incommodis, iudex decernere potest ut eadem producatur.
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