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Processes » The Contentious Trial » The Ordinary Contentious Trial » Incidental Cases
Canon 1587. An incidental matter arises when, after the case has begun by the summons, a question is proposed which, even though not expressly raised in the petition which introduced the case, is yet so relevant to the case that it needs to be settled before the principal question.
Causa incidens habetur quoties, incepto per citationem iudicio, quaestio proponitur quae, tametsi libello, quo lis introducitur, non contineatur expresse, nihilominus ita ad causam pertinet ut resolvi plerumque debeat ante quaestionem principalem.
Causa incidens habetur quoties, incepto per citationem iudicio, quaestio proponitur quae, tametsi libello, quo lis introducitur, non contineatur expresse, nihilominus ita ad causam pertinet ut resolvi plerumque debeat ante quaestionem principalem.
Canon 1588. An incidental matter is proposed before the judge who is competent to decide the principal case. It is raised in writing or orally, indicating the connection between it and the principal case.
Causa incidens proponitur scripto vel ore, indicato nexu qui intercedit inter ipsam et causam principalem, coram iudice competenti ad causam principalem definiendam.
Causa incidens proponitur scripto vel ore, indicato nexu qui intercedit inter ipsam et causam principalem, coram iudice competenti ad causam principalem definiendam.
Canon 1589. §1 When the judge has received the petition and heard the parties, he is to decide with maximum expedition whether the proposed incidental matter has a foundation in, and a connection with, the principal matter, or whether it is to be rejected from the outset. If he admits it he must decide whether it is of such gravity that it needs to be determined by an interlocutory judgement or by a decree.
§2 If, however, he concludes that the incidental matter is not to be decided before the definitive judgement, he is to determine that account be taken of it when the principal matter is decided.
§1. Iudex, recepta petitione et auditis partibus, expeditissime decernat utrum proposita incidens quaestio fundamentum habere videatur et nexum cum principali iudicio, an vero sit in limine reicienda; et, si eam admittat, utrum talis sit gravitatis, ut solvi debeat per sententiam interlocutoriam vel per decretum.
§2. Si vero iudicet quaestionem incidentem non esse resolvendam ante sententiam definitivam, decernat ut eiusdem ratio habeatur, cum causa principalis definietur.
§2 If, however, he concludes that the incidental matter is not to be decided before the definitive judgement, he is to determine that account be taken of it when the principal matter is decided.
§1. Iudex, recepta petitione et auditis partibus, expeditissime decernat utrum proposita incidens quaestio fundamentum habere videatur et nexum cum principali iudicio, an vero sit in limine reicienda; et, si eam admittat, utrum talis sit gravitatis, ut solvi debeat per sententiam interlocutoriam vel per decretum.
§2. Si vero iudicet quaestionem incidentem non esse resolvendam ante sententiam definitivam, decernat ut eiusdem ratio habeatur, cum causa principalis definietur.
Canon 1590. §1 If the incidental matter is to be decided by judgement, the norms for a contentious oral process are to be observed unless, because of the gravity of the issue, the judge deems otherwise.
§2 If it is to be decided by decree, the tribunal can entrust the matter to an auditor or to the presiding judge.
§1. Si quaestio incidens solvi debeat per sententiam, serventur normae de processu contentioso orali, nisi, attenta rei gravitate, aliud iudici videatur.
§2. Si vero solvi debeat per decretum, tribunal potest rem committere auditori vel praesidi.
§2 If it is to be decided by decree, the tribunal can entrust the matter to an auditor or to the presiding judge.
§1. Si quaestio incidens solvi debeat per sententiam, serventur normae de processu contentioso orali, nisi, attenta rei gravitate, aliud iudici videatur.
§2. Si vero solvi debeat per decretum, tribunal potest rem committere auditori vel praesidi.
Canon 1591. Before the principal matter is concluded, the judge or the tribunal may for a just reason revoke or alter an interlocutory judgement or decree. This can be done either at the request of a party or ex officio by the judge after he has heard the parties.
Antequam finiatur causa principalis, iudex vel tribunal potest decretum vel sententiam interlocutoriam, iusta intercedente ratione, revocare aut reformare, sive ad partis instantiam, sive ex officio, auditis partibus.
Processes » The Contentious Trial » The Ordinary Contentious Trial » Incidental Cases » Parties who do not appearAntequam finiatur causa principalis, iudex vel tribunal potest decretum vel sententiam interlocutoriam, iusta intercedente ratione, revocare aut reformare, sive ad partis instantiam, sive ex officio, auditis partibus.
Canon 1592. §1 If a respondent is summoned but does not appear, and either does not offer an adequate excuse for absence or has not replied in accordance with can. 1507
§1, the judge is to declare the person absent from the process, and decree that the case is to proceed to the definitive judgement and to its execution, with due observance of the proper norms.
§2 Before issuing the decree mentioned in §1, the judge must make sure, if necessary by means of another summons, that a lawful summons did reach the respondent within the canonical time.
§1. Si pars conventa citata non comparuerit nec idoneam absentiae excusationem attulerit aut non responderit ad normam can. 1507, §1, iudex eam a iudicio absentem declaret et decernat ut causa, servatis servandis, usque ad sententiam definitivam eiusque exsecutionem procedat.
§2. Antequam decretum, de quo in §1, feratur, debet, etiam per novam citationem, si opus fuerit, constare citationem, legitime factam, ad partem conventam tempore utili pervenisse.
§1, the judge is to declare the person absent from the process, and decree that the case is to proceed to the definitive judgement and to its execution, with due observance of the proper norms.
§2 Before issuing the decree mentioned in §1, the judge must make sure, if necessary by means of another summons, that a lawful summons did reach the respondent within the canonical time.
§1. Si pars conventa citata non comparuerit nec idoneam absentiae excusationem attulerit aut non responderit ad normam can. 1507, §1, iudex eam a iudicio absentem declaret et decernat ut causa, servatis servandis, usque ad sententiam definitivam eiusque exsecutionem procedat.
§2. Antequam decretum, de quo in §1, feratur, debet, etiam per novam citationem, si opus fuerit, constare citationem, legitime factam, ad partem conventam tempore utili pervenisse.
Canon 1593. §1 If the respondent thereafter appears before the judge, or replies before the trial is concluded, he or she can bring forward conclusions and proofs, without prejudice to the provisions of can. 1600; the judge is to take care, however, that the process is not deliberately prolonged by lengthy and unnecessary delays.
§2 Even if the respondent has neither appeared nor given a reply before the case is decided, he or she can challenge the judgement; if the person can show that there was a just reason for being absent, and that there was no fault involved in not intimating this earlier, a plaint of nullity can be lodged.
§1. Si pars conventa dein in iudicio se sistat aut responsum dederit ante causae definitionem, conclusiones probationesque afferre potest, firmo praescripto can. 1600; caveat autem iudex, ne de industria in longiores et non necessarias moras iudicium protrahatur.
§2. Etsi non comparuerit aut responsum non dederit ante causae definitionem, impugnationibus uti potest adversus sententiam; quod si probet se legitimo impedimento fuisse detentam, quod sine sua culpa antea demonstrare non potuerit, querela nullitatis uti potest.
§2 Even if the respondent has neither appeared nor given a reply before the case is decided, he or she can challenge the judgement; if the person can show that there was a just reason for being absent, and that there was no fault involved in not intimating this earlier, a plaint of nullity can be lodged.
§1. Si pars conventa dein in iudicio se sistat aut responsum dederit ante causae definitionem, conclusiones probationesque afferre potest, firmo praescripto can. 1600; caveat autem iudex, ne de industria in longiores et non necessarias moras iudicium protrahatur.
§2. Etsi non comparuerit aut responsum non dederit ante causae definitionem, impugnationibus uti potest adversus sententiam; quod si probet se legitimo impedimento fuisse detentam, quod sine sua culpa antea demonstrare non potuerit, querela nullitatis uti potest.
Canon 1594. If the plaintiff does not appear on the day and at the hour arranged for the joinder of the issue, and does not offer a suitable excuse:
1° the judge is to summon the plaintiff again;
2° if the plaintiff does not obey the new summons, it is presumed that the case has been abandoned in accordance with can. 1524--1525;
3° if the plaintiff should want to intervene at a subsequent stage in the process, the provisions of can. 1593 are to be observed.
Si die et hora ad litis contestationem praestitutis actor neque comparuerit neque idoneam excusationem attulerit:
1° iudex eum citet iterum;
2° si actor novae citationi non paruerit, praesumitur instantiae renuntiasse ad normam can. 1524-1525;
3° quod si postea in processu intervenire velit, servetur can. 1593.
1° the judge is to summon the plaintiff again;
2° if the plaintiff does not obey the new summons, it is presumed that the case has been abandoned in accordance with can. 1524--1525;
3° if the plaintiff should want to intervene at a subsequent stage in the process, the provisions of can. 1593 are to be observed.
Si die et hora ad litis contestationem praestitutis actor neque comparuerit neque idoneam excusationem attulerit:
1° iudex eum citet iterum;
2° si actor novae citationi non paruerit, praesumitur instantiae renuntiasse ad normam can. 1524-1525;
3° quod si postea in processu intervenire velit, servetur can. 1593.
Canon 1595. §1 A party, whether plaintiff or respondent, who is absent from the trial, and who does not establish the existence of a just impediment, is bound to pay the expenses which have been incurred in the case because of this absence, and also, if need be, to indemnify the other party.
§2 If both the plaintiff and the respondent were absent from the trial, they are jointly bound to pay the expenses of the case.
§1. Pars absens a iudicio, sive actor sive pars conventa, quae iustum impedimentum non comprobaverit, tenetur obligatione tum solvendi litis expensas, quae ob ipsius absentiam factae sunt, tum etiam, si opus sit, indemnitatem alteri parti praestandi.
§2. Si tum actor tum pars conventa fuerint absentes a iudicio, ipsi obligatione expensas litis solvendi tenentur in solidum.
Processes » The Contentious Trial » The Ordinary Contentious Trial » Incidental Cases » The intervention of a third person in a case§2 If both the plaintiff and the respondent were absent from the trial, they are jointly bound to pay the expenses of the case.
§1. Pars absens a iudicio, sive actor sive pars conventa, quae iustum impedimentum non comprobaverit, tenetur obligatione tum solvendi litis expensas, quae ob ipsius absentiam factae sunt, tum etiam, si opus sit, indemnitatem alteri parti praestandi.
§2. Si tum actor tum pars conventa fuerint absentes a iudicio, ipsi obligatione expensas litis solvendi tenentur in solidum.
Canon 1596. §1 Any person with a legitimate interest can be allowed to intervene in a case in any instance of the suit, either as a party defending his or her own right or, in an accessory role, to help one of the litigants.
§2 To be admitted, however, the person must, before the conclusion of the case, produce to the judge a petition which briefly establishes the right to intervene.
§3 A person who intervenes in a case is to be admitted at that stage which the case has reached. If the case has reached the evidence stage, a brief and peremptory time-limit is to be assigned within which to bring forward evidence.
§1. Is cuius interest admitti potest ad interveniendum in causa, in qualibet litis instantia, sive ut pars quae proprium ius defendit, sive accessorie ad aliquem litigantem adiuvandum.
§2. Sed ut admittatur, debet ante conclusionem in causa libellum iudici exhibere, in quo breviter suum ius interveniendi demonstret.
§3. Qui intervenit in causa, admittendus est in eo statu in quo causa reperitur, assignato eidem brevi ac peremptorio termino ad probationes suas exhibendas, si causa ad periodum probatoriam pervenerit.
§2 To be admitted, however, the person must, before the conclusion of the case, produce to the judge a petition which briefly establishes the right to intervene.
§3 A person who intervenes in a case is to be admitted at that stage which the case has reached. If the case has reached the evidence stage, a brief and peremptory time-limit is to be assigned within which to bring forward evidence.
§1. Is cuius interest admitti potest ad interveniendum in causa, in qualibet litis instantia, sive ut pars quae proprium ius defendit, sive accessorie ad aliquem litigantem adiuvandum.
§2. Sed ut admittatur, debet ante conclusionem in causa libellum iudici exhibere, in quo breviter suum ius interveniendi demonstret.
§3. Qui intervenit in causa, admittendus est in eo statu in quo causa reperitur, assignato eidem brevi ac peremptorio termino ad probationes suas exhibendas, si causa ad periodum probatoriam pervenerit.
Canon 1597. A third party whose intervention is seen to be necessary must be called into the case by the judge, after he has consulted the parties.
Tertium, cuius interventus videatur necessarius, iudex, auditis partibus, debet in iudicium vocare.
Tertium, cuius interventus videatur necessarius, iudex, auditis partibus, debet in iudicium vocare.
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