Canon 1323. No one is liable to a penalty who, when violating a law or precept:

1° has not completed the sixteenth year of age;

2° was, without fault, ignorant of violating the law or precept; inadvertence and error are equivalent to ignorance;

3° acted under physical force, or under the impetus of a chance occurrence which the person could not foresee or if foreseen could not avoid;

4° acted under the compulsion of grave fear, even if only relative, or by reason of necessity or grave inconvenience, unless, however, the act is intrinsically evil or tends to be harmful to souls;

5° acted, within the limits of due moderation, in lawful self-defence or defence of another against an unjust aggressor;

6° lacked the use of reason, without prejudice to the provisions of can. 1324 §1 n. 2 and
1326 §1 n. 4;

7° thought, through no personal fault, that some one of the circumstances existed which are mentioned in nn. 4 or 5.

Nulli poenae est obnoxius qui, cum legem vel praeceptum violavit:

1° sextum decimum aetatis annum nondum explevit;

2° sine culpa ignoravit se legem vel praeceptum violare; ignorantiae autem inadvertentia et error aequiparantur;

3° egit ex vi physica vel ex casu fortuito, quem praevidere vel cui praeviso occurrere non potuit;

4° metu gravi, quamvis relative tantum, coactus egit, aut ex necessitate vel gravi incommodo, nisi tamen actus sit intrinsece malus aut vergat in animarum damnum;

5° legitimae tutelae causa contra iniustum sui vel alterius aggressorem egit, debitum servans moderamen;

6° rationis usu carebat, firmis praescriptis can. 1324,§1, n. 2, et 1326,§1, n. 4;

7° sine culpa putavit aliquam adesse ex circumstantiis, de quibus in nn. 4 vel 5.

Canon 1324. §1 The perpetrator of a violation is not exempted from penalty, but the penalty prescribed in the law or precept must be diminished, or a penance substituted in its place, if the offence was committed by:

1° one who had only an imperfect use of reason;

2° one who was lacking the use of reason because of culpable drunkenness or other mental disturbance of a similar kind, without prejudice to the provision of can. 1326 §1 n.
4;

3° one who acted in the heat of passion which, while serious, nevertheless did not precede or hinder all mental deliberation and consent of the will, provided that the passion itself had not been deliberately stimulated or nourished;

4° a minor who has completed the sixteenth year of age;

5° one who was compelled by grave fear, even if only relative, or who acted by reason of necessity or grave inconvenience, if the offence is intrinsically evil or tends to be harmful to souls;

6° one who acted in lawful self-defence or defence of another against an unjust aggressor, but did not observe due moderation;

7° one who acted against another person who was gravely and unjustly provocative;

8° one who erroneously, but culpably, thought that some one of the circumstances existed which are mentioned in can. 1323 nn. 4 or 5;

9° one who through no personal fault was unaware that a penalty was attached to the law or precept;

10° one who acted without full imputability, provided it remained grave.

§2 A judge can do the same if there is any other circumstance present which would reduce the gravity of the offence.

§3 In the circumstances mentioned in §1, the offender is not bound by a latae sententiae penalty, but may have lesser penalties or penances imposed for the purposes of repentance or repair of scandal.

§1. Violationis auctor non eximitur a poena, sed poena lege vel praecepto statuta temperari debet vel in eius locum paenitentia adhiberi, si delictum patratum sit:

1° ab eo, qui rationis usum imperfectum tantum habuerit;

2° ab eo qui rationis usu carebat propter ebrietatem aliamve similem mentis perturbationem, quae culpabilis fuerit, firmo praescripto can. 1326,§1, n. 4;

3° ex gravi passionis aestu, qui non omnem tamen mentis deliberationem et voluntatis consensum praecesserit et impedierit, et dummodo passio ipsa ne fuerit voluntarie excitata vel nutrita;

4° a minore, qui aetatem sedecim annorum explevit;

5° ab eo, qui metu gravi, quamvis relative tantum, coactus est, aut ex necessitate vel gravi incommodo egit, si delictum sit intrinsece malum vel in animarum damnum vergat;

6° ab eo, qui legitimae tutelae causa contra iniustum sui vel alterius aggressorem egit, nec tamen debitum servavit moderamen;

7° adversus aliquem graviter et iniuste provocantem;

8° ab eo, qui per errorem, ex sua tamen culpa, putavit aliquam adesse ex circumstantiis, de quibus in can. 1323, nn. 4 vel 5;

9° ab eo, qui sine culpa ignoravit poenam legi vel praecepto esse adnexam;

10° ab eo, qui egit sine plena imputabilitate, dummodo haec gravis permanserit.

§2. Idem potest iudex facere, si qua alia adsit circumstantia, quae delicti gravitatem deminuat.

§3. In circumstantiis, de quibus in§1, reus poena latae sententiae non tenetur, attamen ad resipiscentiam vel ad scandali reparationem, ipsi poenae mitiores irrogari vel poenitentiae applicari possunt.

Canon 1325. Ignorance which is crass or supine or affected can never be taken into account when applying the provisions of cann. 1323 and 1324.

Ignorantia crassa vel supina vel affectata numquam considerari potest in applicandis praescriptis can. 1323 et 1324

Canon 1326. §1 A judge must inflict a more serious punishment than that prescribed in the law or precept when:

1° a person, after being condemned, or after the penalty has been declared, continues so to offend that obstinate ill will may prudently be concluded from the circumstances;

2° a person who is established in some position of dignity, or who, in order to commit a crime, has abused a position of authority or an office;

3° a person who, after a penalty for a culpable offence was constituted, foresaw the event but nevertheless omitted to take the precautions to avoid it which any careful person would have taken;

4° a person who committed an offence in a state of drunkenness or other mental disturbance, if these were deliberately sought so as to commit the offence or to excuse it, or through passion which was deliberately stimulated or nourished.

§2 In the cases mentioned in §1, if the penalty constituted is latae sententiae, another penalty or a penance may be added.

§3 In the same cases, if the penalty constituted is discretionary, it becomes obligatory.

§1. Iudex gravius punire debet quam lex vel praeceptum statuit:

1° eum, qui post condemnationem vel poenae declarationem ita delinquere pergit, ut ex adiunctis prudenter eius pertinacia in mala voluntate conici possit;

2° eum, qui in dignitate aliqua constitutus est, vel qui auctoritate aut officio abusus est ad delictum patrandum;

3° eum, qui, cum poena in delictum culposum constituta sit, eventum praevidit et nihilominus cautiones ad eum vitandum omisit, quas diligens quilibet adhibuisset;

4° eum, qui deliquerit in statu ebrietatis aliusve mentis perturbationis, quae sint de industria ad delictum patrandum vel excusandum quaesitae, aut ob passionem voluntarie excitatam vel nutritam.

§2. In casibus, de quibus in§1, si poena constituta sit latae sententiae, alia poena addi potest vel paenitentia.

§3. In iisdem casibus, si poena constituta sit ut facultativa, fit obligatoria.